There are however limitations to the current practice of small scale models of dissemination. The materials of even the basic clay, dung and brick designs may require initial input and travel to gather the clay that comes from wadi banks. These clay models although the most readily accessible in terms of origination materials, may make dissemination during the rainy months difficult.

There are also cultural implications. Some men, particularly from Zaghawa tribe, were reluctant in the beginning to let women join the training because of some traditions and cultural beliefs within the tribe. In the tradition of Zaghawa the activity was considered highly unacceptable and looked down upon. The Zaghawa feel this is something that is done by blacksmiths and those who work in clay processing and pots. The tribe considers these groups as inferior to them. It is a social norm deeply rooted in Zaghawa customs/traditions and belief. However, after the women who were involved in this training explained to the men that FES training was not something related with the blacksmiths work or pot making but related to better cooking practices and health, the men accepted and started encouraging women to attend the training.

The dissemination of fuel-efficient stove design has had a positive impact in reducing women’s exposure to violence and saving time. The use of fuel efficient stoves can reduce the exposure to risk for women and children, increase household spending, provide models for livelihoods, and can also decrease tension between host communities and IDPs over scarce resources. It can also impact the larger international community by decreasing the amount of time needed for AU patrols in specific areas.


Opportunities to encourage host and IDP communities to work together can also encourage opportunities for connection with community members and decrease tensions. There may also be opportunities to use pilot model training to encourage host community and IDP groups to plan together key interventions and community approaches. Stove production and dissemination can be planned to include multiple tribes, and provide spaces for dialogue concerning resource use. Appropriate models can also be developed for nomadic populations and communities that are more suited for nomadic needs and livelihood patterns.